Review a Range of Assessments Methods Essay

Without an evaluation then you will think that its hard to quantify in the case of learning has occurred or not. The explanations behind surveying is to see whether somebody can do a course at a specific level or to check whether they are all set on to the following level because of the more elevated level of work required. â€Å"Assessment is the way toward acquiring data about how much the understudy knows and assessment includes utilizing that data to frame decisions which, thus, are to be utilized in choice making† (Ian Reece, Stephen Walker part 6) There are various evaluation techniques utilized and utilized in various settings. Various kinds of courses require various sorts of appraisals. Introductory/Diagnostic Assessment; this is generally done toward the beginning, before somebody is going to embrace a course or capability. As you have to realize what they think effectively about the picked subject to learn. This at that point gives you a thought of what level you can put them at. It is an assessment of a person’s qualities and shortcomings, information and abilities. Free Assessment is a target see by somebody who is from outside the association (Independent overseeing body), who comes into the course (for the most part towards the end) and settles on a choice on the understudies accomplishment. Developmental Assessment-as a Business and Enterprise Manager this on going evaluation is utilized and permits the understudy to improve and I can screen and watch them in practical’s all the time. Permitting ordinary input on what they have to enhance. The fundamental utilization of appraisals for educators is the on going or developmental assessment†( Geoffrey Petty 1998 p401). Summative Assessments are generally done toward the finish of the course of learning. Understudies will at that point know whether they have passed or bombed in their offer to pick up the capability or alluded to re-do some portion of the course. Observational evaluation permits the coach to check whether the understudy can play out a specific ability that has just been exhibited or educated. This additionally permits me to step in if the understudy is committing any errors. Questions and Answers are normally used to check whether an understudy has picked up the comprehension and evaluate their insight into a picked subject. You may need to re-express inquiries as certain understudies can be put off by the manner in which an inquiry is being posed. Basic clarifications and lucidity for a basic reaction and answer. This zone would likewise cover composed reports, assignments, ventures, portfolios and tests just as oral addressing with respect to past understanding and accomplishments. Log Books/Learning diaries are a valuable method of checking whether an understudy has moved the hypothesis into training. Pragmatic evaluations permit you to check whether the understudy can try the hypothesis based learning. Potentially by doing pretend and showings. In my instructing job I utilize a scope of appraisal techniques that incorporate Practical perception , this includes pretend, It permits me to perceive what the understudies resemble inside a gathering setting yet additionally how they chip away at their own and to check whether they are arriving at the objectives that have been set. I likewise use questions and replies. This procedure is utilized toward the finish of the meeting yet before the recap to recognize that the understudies have comprehended. This includes asking the understudies inquiries identified with the errand or movement so they can offer me a basic response of what and why they are doing a specific thing. I am then ready to make a record of this by a basic â€Å" approval if understood† or â€Å" thumbs down† if not. I am then ready to make an assessment of my educating meetings.

Climate Change and Its Connections to Norms Lifestyle

Environmental Change and Its Connections to Norms Lifestyle In May 2014,â two new environmental change studiesâ were distributed, demonstrating that the disastrous breakdown of the West Antarctic ice sheet is in progress, and has been for more than two decades. The dissolving of this sheet is critical in light of the fact that it goes about as a key part for different icy masses and ice sheets in Antarctica that will, thus, soften after some time. At last, the dissolving of the south polar ice top will raise ocean levels all inclusive by as much as ten to thirteen feet, including to the sixty-nineâ feet of ocean level ascent that researchers have just ascribed to human activity. A 2014 report by The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warnedâ that we are underprepared for outrageous atmosphere occasions, as has been shown by dangerous warmth waves, dry spells, floods, violent winds, and rapidly spreading fires. However, there is an upsetting hole between the genuine reality delineated by environmental change science and the degree of worry among the U.S. open. An April 2014 Gallup Pollâ found that, while most U.S. grown-ups see environmental change as an issue, just 14 percent accept that the ramifications of environmental change have arrived at a â€Å"crisis† level. A full third of the populace accept that environmental change isn't an issue by any stretch of the imagination. Humanist Riley Dunlap, who gathered information, additionally found that self-distinguished political nonconformists and conservatives are unmistakably increasingly worried about the effects of environmental change than are preservationists. In any case, paying little mind to political tendencies, stress and activity are two distinct things. Over the U.S., significant activity in light of this cruel the truth is insufficient. Research shows obviously that the degree of carbon dioxide in the atmospherenow at an uncommon 401.57â parts per millionis an immediate aftereffect of the procedure of entrepreneur industrialization that has unfurled since the late eighteenth century. Environmental change is an immediate outcome of the across the board, presently globalized, large scale manufacturing and utilization of products, and of the material development of our natural surroundings that has went with it. However, regardless of this reality, creation and development proceed with unabated. How Consumerism Shapes Our Impact on the Climate Its difficult to acknowledge that things need to change. As individuals who live in a general public of buyers, who are saturated with consumerist lifestyle, we are socially, socially, monetarily, and mentally put resources into this framework. Our regular day to day existence encounters, our associations with companions and friends and family, our acts of relaxation and diversion, and our own objectives and personalities are completely composed around practices of utilization. A large number of usâ measure our self-esteem by how much cash we make, and by the amount, quality, and originality of stuff we can purchase. The greater part of us, regardless of whether we are fundamentally mindful of the ramifications of creation, utilization, and waste, can’t help yet need more. We are immersed with publicizing so cunning that it presently pursues us around the web and pushes notices of deals to our cell phones while we shop. We are associated to expend, thus, all things considered, we don’t truly need to react to environmental change. As per the Gallup survey, a large portion of us are eager to recognize that it is a difficult that must be tended to, yet it appears that we expect another person to accomplish that work. Of course, a few of us have made way of life alterations, yet what number of us are associated with types of aggregate activity and activism that work profitably towardâ social, political, and monetary change? The greater part of us disclose to ourselves that accomplishing enormous scope, long haul change is crafted by the legislature or companies, however not us. What Fighting Climate Change Really Means On the off chance that we accepted that a foundational reaction to environmental change was a similarly shared duty, was our obligation, we would react it. We would throw away the for the most part emblematic reactions, given their minimal effect, of reusing, restricting plastic shopping sacks, trading brilliant for halogen lights, buying â€Å"sustainable† and â€Å"green† shopper products, and driving less. We would perceive that the answer for the perils of worldwide environmental change can't be found inside the very framework that has caused the issue. We would, rather, perceive that the arrangement of industrialist creation and utilization is the issue. We would repudiate the estimations of this framework, and encourage new qualities arranged to reasonable living. Until we do that, we’re all environmental change deniers. We may perceive that it exists, however the vast majority of us are not fighting in the roads. We may have made some humble acclimations to it, however we’re not surrendering our shopper way of life. A large portion of us are in unmistakable disavowal of our complicity in the evolving atmosphere. We are trying to claim ignorance of our obligation to encourage the important social, social, monetary, and political changes that could start to stem the tide of calamity. Be that as it may, important change is conceivable, however it will possibly occur on the off chance that we make it so. To find out about how sociologists are addressingâ climate change, read this report from the American Sociological Associations Task Force on Climate Change.

50 Study Hacks To Get Better Grades

50 Study Hacks To Get Better Grades EP 51: 50 Study Hacks To Get Better Grades EP 51: 50 Study Hacks To Get Better Grades Welcome to Episode 51 of The Homework Help Show! We have just completed our 50th Episode and to celebrate we created a compilation of our favourite academic tips. Over the past year or so of the show we have created some valuable content with students in mind. On this Episode we have crammed our best tips into a cool video that we hope you will enjoy! We will cover everything from writing and studying to test-taking, problem solving, student mental health and more! Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG WATCH THE FULL EPISODE ABOVE: 50 Study Hacks To Get Better Grades EP 51: 50 Study Hacks To Get Better Grades EP 51: 50 Study Hacks To Get Better Grades Welcome to Episode 51 of The Homework Help Show! We have just completed our 50th Episode and to celebrate we created a compilation of our favourite academic tips. Over the past year or so of the show we have created some valuable content with students in mind. On this Episode we have crammed our best tips into a cool video that we hope you will enjoy! We will cover everything from writing and studying to test-taking, problem solving, student mental health and more! Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG WATCH THE FULL EPISODE ABOVE:

The Effects Of Stress On A Person s Body And Mind

Every individual has or will experience stress at least once in their life. Many people tell other people they have a lot of stress in their life, but exactly what is stress. Actually, stress is a response of our body to any kind of threat or demand. The body s defenses kick in, when you sense danger, whether it is real or imagined. Stress is a part of life and people should learn how to manage it in order to be happy and joyful in their lives. Stress can cause physical effects to a person s body and mind. Mainly Stress is caused by job pressure such as Co-Worker Tension, Bosses, Work Overload, financial problems like Loss of Job, Reduced Retirement, Medical Expenses, relationship difficulties for example Divorce, Death of Spouse,†¦show more content†¦In other words, if both a man and a woman are under the same amount of stress, the effects are more likely to manifest physically in the woman and last for longer. Stress can have several different effects on your body some of them been muscle pain, restlessness, chest pain, lack of focus, depression, drug abuse, etc. Peres, M. F. P., and D. S. Vieira explained in his article that, â€Å"Stress was reported as the only trigger for the headaches† (Peres and Vieira, 2006). Every single type of stress has a headache as the symptoms. Many people think of stress as a bad thing, but stress is not always bad for you. Forty eight percent of people say stress has a negative impact on their personal and professional life. In fact, some stress boosts your senses, Such as helping you to avoid accidents, powering through unexpected deadlines, or stay clear minded in chaotic situations, etc. There are two types of stress good and bad. Good stress (eustress) is a type of stress that is beneficial to human bodies. You can experience eustress when you have much work and eustress helps you focus on work and improve your performance. Stress becomes negative (Bad stress or distress) when a person faces several challen ges without relaxation in between of this challenges. Few ways to coop with stress is to meditate, take a break Eat healthy or well-balanced diet, talk to someone, share your feelings, etc. Stress can be further divide into three categories. These threeShow MoreRelatedWhile Joe Was Watching Tv One Day Eating Doritos He Was1555 Words   |  7 Pagesheart related problems and diabetes (Davis). An inactive life is bad for the human body, and very detrimental to one s health and lifestyle. On the contrary, many physical, mental, and health benefits come with exercise. Exercise has physical benefits such as weight loss, increase in strength and endurance, and a healthy cardiovascular system (heart). Exercise promotes weight loss which, in return, makes a person healthier. â€Å"Strong scientific evidence shows that physical activity can help. . . maintainRead MoreYjt Task 11224 Words   |  5 Pages Purpose: The purpose of this speech is to persuade my audience that music can be used to help with stress as well as pain.   I want my audience to see that the use of music in everyday life is good for the mind, body and soul.   My central idea is that music is what can be used in the medical field as therapy use for pain, stress relief and in everyone’s everyday life. Intended Audience: My ideal audience for this speech would be those of any age that willRead MoreHow Meditation Affects Brain Plasticity Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesMeditation means to concentrate and connect with ones’ own mind, to explore identity and emotions in order to be aware of conscious, sub-conscious and unconscious thoughts. Meditation originates and has been has been practiced in Asia for thousands of years for different reasons such as increasing concentration abilities, religious purposes and also to train the mind. This essay will focus on how meditation affects brain plasticity (ability to change), emotionally and intellectually, leading to betterRead MoreStress And Health : Stress1627 Words   |  7 Pages Stress and Health J Dugger Stress and Health. How does it effect you? Have you ever felt as if your life was reeling out of control or that your health was failing only to realize there were core stressors at work causing your peril? This author can certainly relate. Much of this paper will relate to and deal with the stresses suffered by a professional Firefighter/Paramedic in the United States and how this stress can effect mental and physical health. Merriam-Websters dictionaryRead MorePsychological Effects Of Exercise On The Body s Overall Health1736 Words   |  7 PagesPsychological Effects of Exercise It is a well-kenned fact that exercise is very propitious to the body’s overall health. Exercise has been shown to enhance the circulation of blood throughout the body, relinquish solicitousness, boost self-esteem, and ultimately is utilized as a treatment for noetic illnesses. This paper perpetuates to expand fortifying major health benefits of conventional physical activity and exercise. However, there is withal a growing body of erudition that substantiatesRead MoreExercise May Help Improve Your Mental Health By Helping The Brain Manage Better With Stress1205 Words   |  5 Pagesbrain manage better with stress. Stress is just a reaction to a stimulus that disturbs our physical or mental equilibrium. It is pretty much in our everyday life and we have to find a way to lower the stress. A stressful event can cause the â€Å"fight-or-flight† response, causing hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol to rush through the body. A small amount of stress, known as â€Å"acute stress,† can be exciting because it keeps us active and alert. A long-term, or â€Å"chronic stress,† which is very bad canRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On The World1718 Words   |  7 Pages On the topic of stress, research has widened eyes on the issues of stress b ecause stress is related to how many hours one is spending away from family or friends. In America, it was customary that people work long hours. â€Å"In the U.S., 85.8 percent of males and 66.5 percent of females work more than 40 hours per week†(G.E. Miller). But for many Americans, more work leads to more stress and a lower quality of life. This amount of stress is not only known to the United States of America, it is actuallyRead MoreHow Stress Is Essential For Sustaining Your Overall Health981 Words   |  4 PagesStress is an obstacle that everyone deals with daily, it`s become part of our vocabulary. It is difficult to believe that our general use of the word originated only a little more than 60 years ago, when it was essentially conceived by Hans Selye. It wasn t until the late 1950s that endocrinologist Hans Selye first identified and documented stress. Our every day life is full of frustrations, aggravations, and frustrations. For many people, stress is a common concept that has become a way of lifeRead MoreThe Mind-Body Relation1833 Words   |  7 PagesConclusion The concept of the relation between the mind and body, between what motivates thinking, and the possibility of an unknown quantity called the soul controlling the mind and body has existed through out history. The mystic and the metaphysical explanation of mankind took into consideration an inexplicable resident or entity that governed not only the body but also the mind. The mind was not associated with the physical brain. The mind was a system believed to be controlled by an entityRead More The Mind-Body Connection Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pages Overview This paper will discuss the mind-body connection and its relevance to health care professionals and to the public. It will explore the history of the mind-body connection, as well as state research that has been done on the subject. The reader will gain an understanding of the various techniques used in mind-body therapy, as well as their effectiveness. What is the Mind-Body Connection? It is the idea that the mind and body are not separate entities. Rather, they are intricately connected

The Importance Of Friendship - 883 Words

Thomas Aquinas states, â€Å"There is nothing on this earth more to be prized than true friendship†. In everybody life, there are many things and friendship may be one of the most important. Friendship is a very wonderful thing and, it is one secret of the happiness secrets in life. Everyone agrees that friendship adds a special flavor to life and that with friends we spend the most beautiful times and the most beautiful moments of life. It is not limited to individuals but also between peoples, nations, and tribes, as well as organizations. Ringers said that the admiration and respect are essential elements in the foundation of any worthwhile friendship, but some people argued that it is not necessary that friendship is built from admiration†¦show more content†¦The basis of friendship is that your friend is useful to you in your pursuit of money or understanding. This type of friendship will be stronger than the type of admiration and respect friendship. If you and your friend are studying or working together, both of you will create a common goals and trust because of sh aring activities and items that you are working on. Sharing obviously, needs to happen when there is trust. When you share, common trust increases, as sharing itself is a self-proliferating instrument for trust, which goes about as a social grease in your friendship. Friendship from people who are useful to you will make you more smart and ingenious due to the new skills and knowledge that you will learn from your friend. For example, when your friend has a wood planer to make a furniture and that how you met her while she or he planning her chair in the yard. If she taught you how to safely use the wood planer, this will be a good experience and new lesson for you. Sharing knowledge and few hours of difficult studying or work will create a fun learning of new skills with your friend. This will be a great way to bond a strong friendship together. Sharing activities will lead to sharing opinions. When you have a problem, you will need to ask your friend for help or advice. It is not necessary to do what he or she said to you, but it is important to lesson to her or his opinion to help you decide what the action you could start with.Show MoreRelatedFriendships : Friendship And The Importance Of Friendship1399 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Friendship is often cited in criticisms of impartial consequentialist moralities such as utilitarianism. (Hurka) According to dictionary.com, utilitarianism is the ethical doctrine that virtue is based on utility, and that conduct should be directed toward promoting the greatest happiness of the greatest number of persons. Friends are essential in life because they are there throughout the good and bad times. They are there to bring out the best in you, such as being there to help you achieveRead MoreThe Importance Of Friendship By A Friendship1106 Words   |  5 Pagesgot to grade you, From me you d get A+! To all friends, Friendship is one of life s greatest treasures. Friends that are loyal are always there to make you laugh when you are down, they are not afraid to help you avoid mistakes and they look out for your best interest. This kind of friend can be hard to find, but they offer a friendship that will last a lifetime. Other friends may not be quite as loving. The pain caused by a friendship marred by betrayal is not easy to overcome. In fact, manyRead MoreImportance of Friendships1027 Words   |  5 PagesKatie Holland November 9, 2011 Psychology The Importance of Friendships Katie Holland Psychology Importance of Friendships Picture this, a young boy sitting alone at a playground admiring his peers from across the school yard enjoying a game of hide and seek, that he was not invited to. Now shift your attention to the other set of children who are engaging in a rigorous game of hide and seek, all laughing and playing with one another. Which side would you want to be on? How do you get toRead MoreThe Importance of Friendship765 Words   |  4 Pages The Importance of Friendship Post University â€Å"A good friend is a connection to life, a tie to the past, a road to the future, the key to sanity in a totally insane world.† (Wyse, 2007) We all need friends. Friendships are very essential in our daily lives. If we did not have friends we would not be happy. We would be very lonely. They keep our heads on our shoulders. They help us to be strong in the hard times and have fun and relax through the tough timesRead MoreThe Importance Of Friendship1431 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Friendship plays an incredibly important role in our lives. Friendships provide a sense of belonging and emotional stability (McCornack, pg. 357). Friendship, as defined by McCornack (2016), is a â€Å"voluntary interpersonal relationship characterized by intimacy and liking.† Friendship is a key part of life for everyone and no two friendships are alike. Like any interpersonal relationship, all friendships must overcome conflict. Conflicts are created from the use of destructive messagesRead MoreThe Importance of Friendship871 Words   |  4 PagesFriendship might be called as a special kind of concern for your friend, a concern which might reasonably be understood as a kind of love (Helm, 2005). All of us have friends, whatever we are poor or rich. Friendship is very important to us, some of our friends may listen to us when we feel disappointed or happy, we share with our feelings each other; some others may take care of us when we are sick; some of them may live with us side by side. But as Sparks says, Technology offers great capabilitiesRead MoreImportance of Friendship1469 Words   |  6 Pagesadded to the situation and Ian’s initial opinion of Jacques. Ian’s opinion of Jacques quickly changed, soon after, Jacques ended up being his hero by protecting him and his new shoes from the thugs in the empty park. This was the point where their friendship initially began and grew as they saw each other at â€Å"The Club.† Jacques was the one who showed Ian how much help the homeless really needed, which is what got Ian so interested in volunteering, that he completely forgot about his personal life, suchRead MoreThe Importance Of Friendship1156 Words   |  5 Pagesawkward stages of middle school, and finally, till the day we graduated high school. Friendship is extremely valuable. Not only to me, but it is important for humans. It has been said that human interaction is needed for survival. Without it, it is as if you are not even living. You could say there is no true definition of friendship, because when it comes down to it, everybody has one of their own. To me, friendship refers to the people you trust, care about, can laugh and cry with, share things inRead More The Importance of Friendship Essay1582 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Friendship Although relationships with parents determine in large measure our longer-term preferences, attitudes and values, during adolescence it is often relationships with friends that cause most concern and which pre-occupy the thoughts of young people as they grow up. Friendships are based on a completely different set of structural relationships to those with parents. They are more symmetrical and involve sharing and exchange. Friendships are important to young childrenRead MoreThe Importance Of A True Friendship947 Words   |  4 Pages What exactly is Friendship? this question has been asked for centuries, how exactly can you tell you have a true friend? Friendship is an relationship between two or more people who care a lot about each other. Your Friendship is something that will keep you happy and going, but its not always easy cake. Their will be some ups and downs in every friendship, but if you can bounce back from that downfall than you might realize you have a true friendship. Friendship includes time, effort, commitment

The Whiskey Rebellion Essay - 1436 Words

The Whiskey Rebellion CONTENTS 1. Introduction to the French and Indian War 2. Domestic and social differences in the region 3. Washington?s statement 4. Attack on the Lys 5. Battle for the Fort Lydius 6. Battle for Forts William Henry and Bull 7. Battle for Fort Oswego 8. Battle for Quebec 9. Treaties Senecas and Paris The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 helped bring about the demise of the aristocratic Federalist Government in favor of the democratic Republican Government, concerned with the needs of all of its citizens. The new country of the United States of America suffered many growing pains in trying to balance its commitment to liberty with the need for order. How much control is enough and what will be too much?†¦show more content†¦The rebels closed down courthouses that handled foreclosures and prevented sheriffs from selling confiscated property. The rebels lost their military battle after only six months, but they succeeded in gaining some tax relief and postponement of paying debts. Their insurrection also alerted state leaders to the need for a stronger central government. Something had to be done to preserve order and unity. In the hot, humid summer of 1787 state delegates met for the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia and drafted a new frame of government for the United States: the United States Constitution. A new federal system of government was set forth which distributed powers between the state and federal government and created three branches of government as checks and balances for each other. The new Constitution also gave the new government the power to both tax and regulate commerce. Alexander Hamilton, the Secretary of Treasury, proposed a plan that the federal government pay both the foreign and domestic debt acquired by the former central government and take over the states war debts as well. Hamilton was a leader of the Federalists, those who envisioned a strong national government with centralized authority, a complex commercial economy and a proud standing in world affairs. He believed that a financially reliable and responsible government would improveShow MoreRelatedThe Whiskey Rebellion and the Whiskey Tax795 Words   |  3 PagesThe Whisky Rebellion In 1791, under President George Washington, there was a vigorous debate within the House of Representatives to approve legislation to enact an excise tax on whiskey. They choose to pass this law 35-211 because of Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton, who was the secretary of the treasury at the time, was faced with the task of paying off the U.S. debt after the revolution. Hamilton was an avid believer in a strong central government which requires a lot of funding. He realized thereRead MoreWhiskey Rebellion Essay1201 Words   |  5 PagesDemocratic-Republicans, there were rebellions. It is in this context that changes can be found between the March of the Paxton Boys, Shays’ Rebellion, and the Whiskey Rebellion. Violent protest in America from 1763 to 1791 changed significantly in terms of reasons behind the desire for violent protest and the result that occurred because of the rebellion. Admittedly, one significant continuity was the continued rebellion of the common people against the elite. In all three rebellions, the people who were rebellingRead MoreThe Whiskey Rebellion Of 1794 Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pages BADERO 1 OLAMIDE BADERO PROF. PATKE HISTORY 1301 N0VEMBER, 10 2016 THE WHISKEY REBELLION OF 1794 The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 brings about the death of the elite Federalist Government in favor of the democratic Republican Government, concerned with the needs of all of its citizens. United States of America suffered many growing pains when trying to balanceRead MoreCauses Of The Whiskey Rebellion1521 Words   |  7 Pagesproved to be the ultimate test for the growing America, and would begin the Whiskey Rebellion. In 1791, the United States Congress had just passed a new tax on alcohol, with a vote of 35-21, in hopes of paying off all the debt the government obtained during after charter of the national bank. Although enacted with good intentions, this tax negatively effected many farmers, as they used many of their excess crops to make whiskey. Americans had faced taxes like this before with the British, and the manyRead MoreThe Whiskey Rebellion Essay875 Words   |  4 PagesBook Review By Xxxxx X. Xxxxxx HIS 1111 The Whiskey Rebellion: Frontier Epilogue to the American Revolution. By Thomas P. Slaughter. (New York: Oxford University Press, l986, 291 pp.) In October of 1794, in response to a popular uprising against the federal government, President Washington sent an army of nearly 13,000 men across the Allegheny Mountains into the frontier regions of Western Pennsylvania. This event marked the greatest internal crisis of Washingtons administration and wasRead MoreWhiskey Rebellion Essay2238 Words   |  9 Pagessuch as alcohol or in modern America, gasoline. This unpopular tax would test the Washington administration when a tax protest, which becomes known as the Whiskey Rebellion, occurred in four counties western Pennsylvania. This tax was officially known as the Whiskey Excise Tax, and took effect in March of 1791 (Slaughter, 1986, 100). This Whiskey Tax became the first tax that the federal government levied against a domestic product (Hogeland, 2006, 27). Many people, including Hamilton, thought thisRead MoreWhiskey Rebellion Proclamation Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pagesabout the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794 was a proclamation which is an official announcement dealing with a subject of great importance. The Whiskey Rebellion Proclamation was written by the President of the United States at the time which was George Washington. This proclamation was intended for the people of the United states to respond to the protest of the whiskey tax that had been put in place. The Whiskey Rebellion started off as the people of the united states getting mad that whiskey had beenRead MoreThe Whiskey Rebellion: Frontier Epilogue to the American Revolution by Thomas P. Slaugther1010 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Thomas Slaughter has provided a most thorough overview of the Whiskey Rebellion, which he asserts had by the time this book was conceived nearly two centuries after the episode transpired, had become a largely forgotten chapter of our nations history since the time of the Civil War. He cites as direct evidence of this fact the almost complete absence of any mention of the event in many contemporary textbooks of the conservative era of the 1980s, which this reviewer can attest to as wellRead MoreThe Justification Of The Whiskey Rebellion1430 Words   |  6 PagesMs. Caldwell C Format October 22, 2015 The Justification of The Whiskey Rebellion Faced with a large national debt as a result of the war, the newly founded republic, led by George Washington, instituted tariffs on certain domestic goods. The Whiskey Tax proved to be the most controversial of them all, because it targeted those who used whiskey as a method of trade. Unequally taxing the citizens, the Whiskey Tax sparked a rebellion led by the farmers of Western Pennsylvania. By stripping its citizensRead MoreEssay on The Whiskey Rebellion469 Words   |  2 PagesThe Whiskey Rebellion Towards the end of the 16th century, the United States government experienced continuous changes in laws(taxes) and several problems(battling and removal of Indians) associated with westward expansion. Conflict was created in response to the rising taxes issued by the government on goods such as whiskey. Most affected by the heavy taxation were the creators and distributors of whiskey - the average poor white farmer. An incident that occurred in 1794 involving

”The Jungle” by Upton Sinclair Essay Sample free essay sample

When Upton Sinclair wrote this book. he stirred non merely the Black Marias but besides the backbones of many readers. Some say it induced sickness along with emotions ; notwithstanding the esthesis it caused with its alone subject and portraiture. The writer himself had lived a life of low poorness and had written this novel in a tarpaper hovel in Princeton Town ship. while fighting with his ain fiscal scarceness. This novel is based upon the research he had done on the meat packing industry of Chicago Stockyards. and had filled the pages with revolting inside informations. cognizing small that this novel would one twenty-four hours turn into a great American best seller. Written during the period of 1906. this book was dropped like a bomb on an amazed audience. It was full of some make bolding disclosures of the meat packing workss of Chicago. and it subsequently became responsible for altering the nutrient Torahs of America. The consequence of this book was foremost of its sort on a instead self-satisfied universe. which neer thought about what it ate twenty-four hours after twenty-four hours until Upton brought to them shocking intelligence. neatly packaged from the meat centres. No reader could stay unaffected after reading about how dead rats were shoveled into sausage crunching machines. How morbid cattles were slaughtered and packed off to metropoliss for ingestion. and how gross the full system of employment and development were at these centres. He unapologetically wrote about the manner pouring sludge and backbones were swept off the floor and packaged as potted jambon. while the inspectors were bribed and forced to look the other manner. when all this were go oning right under their olfactory organs. While reading this novel it begins to look that Upton Sinclair was puting Forth an armchair carnal rights agitation. by uncovering all the sordid inside informations of the errors at meatpacking centres. Confronting five rejections was non a ground to discourage Sinclair. as he had come to Chicago with purposes of composing this novel. He is said to hold declared that he had arrived to compose an â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† of the labour motion. Sinclair was hired as a journalist. by a socialist newspaper â€Å" The Appeal to Reason† . and the novel was foremost published in a serialized signifier in this paper. Subsequently a publication house Doubleday. Page and Company published the first edition of this novel on 28ThursdayFebruary 1906. It was instantly considered a best marketer due to its blunt word picture of the development of adult females and kids and the deplorable on the job conditions at the meat packing centre. This novel besides created rather a splash in the gross revenues section of the American meat ingestion. The foreign gross revenues of American meat dropped drastically and it became difficult for the authorities to quiet public indignation. which followed the publication of this novel. Sinclair was a socially and politically motivated author who was driven with the passion of contending for his causes. Apart from being a superb litterateur. dramatist. short narrative author and a novelist. he was besides popular for his socialistic positions. and although such positions and ideals are non popular in the West. Sinclair managed to make quite an reorganization with. ‘The Jungle’ . The populace demanded account and probe following his write up. and it forced the governments into immediate action. Sinclair did plentifulness of research and reconnoitering around the metropolis. before he set down to compose his book. He got acquainted with the metropolis. took images. and allow himself be wholly absorbed and usurped by the local life of the metropolis. His radical ideals forced him to look deeper into issues blighting the society. and particularly the hapless. On one such juncture. he chanced upon the perfect gap scene for his intended novel. He got a opportunity to go to a nuptials and the thought dawned upon him to put the beginning of the narrative on this incident. The novel opens with a Lithuanian nuptials scene. inspired by the existent Lithuanian nuptials attended by Sinclair. and he dramatically introduces all his major characters through this scene. Here the socialist psyche of Sinclair come into show when he describes the distressingly arranged nuptials banquet and what it cost the economically weak individuals to pass a immense amount on one day’s jubilation. In his first chapter itself he provides a warning of what was to come. He writes affectingly about the conditions of poorness when it is pushed excessively far. How jubilation becomes excessively heavy a load to transport and excessively immense a monetary value to pay. by people who can non even earn the sum in a twelvemonth. the sum that was spent in a twenty-four hours on that nuptials ; despite holding slogged twenty-four hours and dark. At the marrying scene. the dance. banquet and free fluxing liquors have undertones of menace and somberness. Sinclair describes in item how the force per unit areas of working in a capitalist society affects the people and how their moral debasement is frequently catalyzed by these force per unit areas. The patterned advance of the fresh witnesses the battles of the household as they hold occupations and means to remain alive and how they succumb to the demands of the capitalist society. They fall quarries to their moral debasement. as they fight confronting the barbarous universe of working conditions in the Chicago stockyards. The calamities that follow the household are at one time morbid and hapless. The deceases. accidents. deficiency of money. the deceases caused by inability to pay for the physicians fees ; all these make a bosom stirring narrative and besides leaves the reader with a dark weakness about the disgusting consequence it caused inside their psyches. Bing an writer who was born to an alcoholic male parent and teetotaller female parent. Sinclair grew up in a schizophrenic ambiance. Sinclair’s father drank himself to decease. while his female parent struggled with a state of affairs that was progressively out of control due to their unstable pecuniary conditions and her husband’s alcohol addiction. His household had earlier belonged to the Southern nobility but they fell upon had times and by the clip Sinclair was born. the household was forced to poorness. Sinclair lived a childhood that was rife with uncertainnesss and bad lucks caused by insecure economic state of affairss at place. The early life of battles created in him the sensitiveness and visions of a author. and he began composing at the age of 15 to back up himself and pay his college fees. His occupation at the socialist newspaper ‘Appeal to Reason’ acted as a accelerator for the birth of this novel. As a newsman he was sent to look into and compose a narrative on the lives of stockyard workers. in Chicago. He spent seven hebdomads at that place at the stockyard. interacting and researching the life of these workers and turned his experience and findings into a novel. Prior to composing ‘The Jungle’ he had written five novels. but none of them had gained the sort of popularity and instant success as ‘The Jungle’ . Although he did non ab initio find publishing houses for the book. as it was found to be excessively flooring in its contents. and no publishing house was ready to set his money on that. But subsequently after the serialized version of the novel made T into fury. I was published and became an nightlong success. Sinclair was a victim of poorness and scarceness himself. and his empathy with the working category gained impulse when he started to work for the newspaper ‘Appeal to Reason’ . His Hagiographas were powerful and systematically radical. and despite being hapless most of the times. he refused to see any other occupation other than composing. Although it did non pay good. and he had to populate most of his life in hard up state of affairss. He was besides known as a despised author with strong positions. and his book ‘The Jungle’ is a living illustration of his socialist positions. Although he neer belonged to Communism. he was declared a violent revolutionist. and by 1904. he found himself traveling towards realistic fiction. He eventually found his long due celebrity with his sensational realistic fiction ‘The Jungle’ in 1906. The novel changed the American nutrient industry’s history. as it became responsible for the debut of Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906. It besides changed the history of Sinclair’s life. as he gained celebrity and luck after the publication. ‘The Jungle’ is Sinclair’s landmark novel that brought him the acclamation and regard that he strived for all his composing life. The true-life experiences derived from his ain life and some thorough probes. was adequate to drive a state loony with angry reactions. The character of Jurgis Rudkus. the supporter in his novel is affectingly naive. In the novel he is shown as an retiring individual who joins his occupation at the stockyards with an about childly ignorance. As a immature Lithuanian immigrant. he arrives in America. woolgathering a usual of wealth. chance. and freedom. Quite evidently. and necessarily. the experience of Jurgis has sunglassess of autobiographical suggestions. as Sinclair himself came from Baltimore. Maryland to New York. in hunt of a better life. Jurgis. the supporter of ‘The jungle’ finds work with the stockyard and is rather affectingly happy about his first occupation. non cognizant of the cheapjack conditions of his work topographic point. In his craft and ignorance he thinks that the whole topographic point is a sort of protective wing. which has taken him under its safeguarding constitution. The incidents that follow were rather dramatic and about sickening as Sinclair tries to project a universe of calamity and discord in his novel. Although brilliant in its portraiture of a realistic state of affairs. ‘The Jungle’ is a glooming novel. which has many cases that would look to be overboard in word picture of human agonies. As the supporter Jurgis loses his artlessness at his work topographic point. he besides loses all his cherished ideals and those whom he loved. His married woman is raped. his kid dies due to miss of proper medical attention. and his agonies neer end as he is exploited at his work topographic point. The neer diminishing poorness and changeless tragic battles are glooming and excessively dramatic to stomach at times for the readers of this novel. The optimistic universe of Jurgis slices into resentment that besides forces him to go a condemnable. and later a socialist. One can non assist but believe that Sinclair as an advocator of socialistic reforms has taken his call excessively earnestly. His powerful words have the same consequence as possibly Fidel Castro’s address would hold on a fascinated audience. After ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin’ possibly this was the novel that had the deepest impact on the readers. The President Theodore Roosevelt called Sinclair to the White House. as he was having about 100 letters a twenty-four hours. from the readers who demanded review and reforms at the meat wadding centres. which was revealed as an unhealthy. hard and foul topographic point where all kinds of wellness jeopardies were being practiced. The revolution was worthy of its cause as 1000000s of lives were at interest. and the novel proved to be a accelerator in conveying about the reforms. The narrative of ‘the Jungle’ follows the life of Jurgis Rudkus. whose life at New York City neer runs smooth. As a immature energetic. instead naive and about unreasonably optimistic adult male Jurgis goes through one calamity after another. the readers are compelled to chew over. if Sinclair is taking his radical liquors excessively far. But the realistic word picture and the socialistic reforms that followed the craze generated by the novel is adequate to set of all time uncertainty to kip. The batch of calamities leave one with an empty sense of guilt. As a reader one could neer assist but be pulled into the lives of the characters. and they begin to populate in one’s head. The terrible life conditions of Jurgis and his married woman Ona create glumness in the head and it besides stirs the reformatory inherent aptitudes. Possibly that was the secret of Sinclair’s success. that his novel generated a mass revolution and besides brought about a radical alteration. He peculiarly emphasized on Capitalism being the cause of all societal immoralities. In fact the first 27 chapters of this book are devoted to directing across this message to the readers. He declares through these chapters that capitalist economy is unfair. brutal. inhuman. destructive and violent. He passes the message that socialism is the remedy for all the unease caused by capitalist economy. He persuades the readers to believe in socialism when he writes about Jurgis detecting socialism in chapter 28 of this novel. Every chapter has a message to drop capitalist economy and neglect it as the political system. and get the socialist political system to reinstate humanity in the demoralized. oppressed and exploited labour category. He works difficult to pealing forth the hollowness of the Great American Dream. to the heads of the readers. although he doesn’t attack the construct of the American Dream straight. but goes to great lengths to guarantee that capitalist economy itself is an onslaught on the values that support the Great American Dream. Sinclair uses assorted symbols to asseverate his positions in the novel. The most of import symbol being the animate being pens and abattoirs in Packingtown. He rather merely uses it to stand for the predicament of working category. Just like the animate beings are made to endure in silence. herded into a pen and killed without clemency ; the on the job category excessively are given no pick and are forced to crunch into the machinery of capitalist economy that brings such devastation to their lives. and in the terminal kills them mercilessly. Merely as herds of animate beings are slaughtered mundane. the immigrants who come to America are grinded in unmerciful conditions and are forced to a life of debasement. subjection and eventually a painful decease. He besides goes on to depict that merely as the outer packaging of merchandises are glistening and attractive. but contains putrid meat unfit for human ingestion. the promise of American Dream presents a reflecting face to the immigrants. but in world is a icky and corrupt construct. The rubric of the novel ‘Jungle’ itself is symbolic of Sinclair’s thought of a corrupt capitalistic society. Packingtown is like a jungle where the strong quarry upon the weak. and all the life existences are engaged in a barbarous battle for endurance. He narrates the narrative of a group of honest. hardworking immigrants who are crushed by a capitalistic and corrupt system in their pursuit of a better life. The universe of a labourer is a barbarian jungle where he struggles for endurance that demands the forfeit of his unity. his basic values. his individualism and his unity. Sinclair has used the fiction in this book as coverage for corruptness. the rampant immoralities of capitalist economy and of malpractice in the meat wadding centres. but the purpose becomes dubious as he enforces the run against capitalist economy instead excessively forcefully. and it makes the fresh more like propaganda for socialism. The displacement to propaganda is clearly obvious in the concluding chapters. as all the agonies and calamities seem to stop for the supporter Jurgis when he attends a political mass meeting implementing socialism. â€Å"To Jurgis the baggers had been tantamount to destine ; Ostrinski showed him that they were the Beef Trust. They were a mammoth combination of capital. which had crushed all resistance and overthrown the Torahs of the land. and was feeding upon the people. † ( Chapter29. The Jungle ) This quotation mark illustrates the effects of socialism upon the head of Jurgis. Ostrinski convinces him that capitalists are corrupt people who merely know how to take advantage of the hapless and utilize them to stash their ain wealth. while the hapless suffer and go victims of their problems. This quote suggests the gap of Jurgis’s head towards socialistic ideals. and he liberally embraces the construct with ardor equivalent to his earlier belief n the American dream. Sinclair has non used any literary edification to narrate the narrative. His manner of narrative is simple and direct. like the relation of an incident. His characters are besides non good rounded and they do non possess any deep personality trait or defect. His supporter Jurgis. from whose point of view he writes his narrative. is besides a level character who goes through assorted experiences of life and falls victim to condemnable Acts of the Apostless by sheer force of his fortunes. There are no sunglassess or dimensions to his personality. other than a simpleton’s visions. His naivete and built-in optimism is pulverized into a disillusioned entry. by the tragic fortunes and the progressively destitute life state of affairss. There is no individuality in him. and Sinclair has non wasted his clip in developing his characters. instead settled for a consecutive narrative told in simple but entirely effectual manner. So much so that the moral debasement of Jurgis doesn’t consequence the reader’s sentiment of him much. The reader does non be given to be judgmental about Jurgis though. when he takes to alcoholism. wantonnesss his household. commits offense and goes to imprison. One would non believe him to be an immoral individual as he is clearly shown as a victim of his fortunes. To Sinclair. merely capitalist economy is an inexcusable offense. and all capitalists are the representatives of societal immoralities. Since one knows by this clip in the narrative that Sinclair is a socialist at bosom and is about propagating the ideals through his book. one can forgive him for smartly implementing the speculation that even the moral ruin of Jurgis is non his ain mistake. but the mistake of the capitalist driven political system. In fact the narrative itself is one dimensional and based on facts. There is no undulating secret plan and scenes. like one by and large finds in a novel. In ‘The Jungle’ the narrative goes in a consecutive line with one tragic event after another go oning to household bogged down with poorness and development. This is fundamentally a ‘muckraking’ ( ‘Muckrakers’ was a term used by the president Roosevelt in 1906 for the journalists who racked up issue of industrialisation ) political fiction that manages to drive the point straight to the reader’s head. The societal unfavorable judgment depicted through the fiction is what makes this fresh such a popular read and an impressive radical tool. Set in the 1900s. this novel by Sinclair has used this book to implement his ain positions about the righteousness of the on the job category. and has enforced his positions through that of the supporter. His understanding for the labourers and his belittling of the capitalists turns the novel into a mouthpiece of his personal socialist ideals. This novel is the perfect window to the mind of American capitalist economy that was endemic in the 19th century. Plants Cited page Sinclair. Upton.The Jungle.Sea Sharp Press. ( April 1. 2003 ) .

Unresolved problems Essay Example For Students

Unresolved problems Essay In what way does the inspector make you aware of his attitude towards other characters in the play? And how does Priestly use him as a dramatic device? Priestley was born in Bradford, 13th September, 1894. He became a successful playwright through much experience he gained before World War One. A major influence which encouraged Priestley with his plays began when he found himself surrounded by people who read a great deal, however there were no professional writers among these people. Not only that but Priestley found himself growing up most importantly into his fathers circle of socialist friends in which he found himself in positive debates about society Being a socialist, Priestley added this to the many themes of An Inspector Calls; to show the audience his values as a socialist, that life is to do with caring for each other and there should be equality no matter what you status is in society; Priestley exploits these problems of community throughout his play. We will write a custom essay on Unresolved problems specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Socialism is not apparent in Edwardian society where there is an evident class divide which results in poor living for those lower classes such as Eva Smith due to selfish, ignorant, bigheaded, snobbish characters like the Birling family who are capitalists only care about money and profit these are the total opposites to the socialist morals that Priestley believes everyone should have as Birling says, a man has to make his own way has to look after himself this is the total opposite to the caring and looking after each other morals of Priestley. The characters are living stereotypes that all fit into the characteristics of the seven deadly sins and are not aware of the consequences of their inexcusable behaviour. Like Shakespeare, Priestley is a very influential educator through his plays. He draws the reader in and makes them experience certain emotions such as anger, irritation and mystery to read on as the Inspector says, She wanted to end her life. She felt she couldnt go on any longer, the audience feels a sense of the suffering that Eva endured as if we are a part of the play. In this aspect Priestley is also an excellent entertainer for example, with the introduction of Inspector Goole who has an eerie and almost unnatural energy creates suspense and awkwardness which makes the audience more intrigued of what is going to come next in the build up of the play. Priestly creates a dramatic atmosphere here by using the Inspector as a dramatic device. Not only is An Inspector Calls partly a detective story with the Inspector trying to reveal the unsolved issue of how Eva Smith died, he inspected us alright. Here Sheila clearly states that although Inspector Goole already knew what the Birling familys response would be to his question he still carries out enquiries of the murder although he was more interested in finding out about their morals than the suicide. The play can be classed as a detective story with such a predictable story line; the Inspector generally has some pleasing eccentricities or striking characteristics. Also many detectives stories end with unresolved problems. The Inspector creates a tense mood through his authoritative investigative skills through to the silent exit whilst the Birlings are left astonished, He walks straight out, leaving them staring, subdued and wondering. SHEILA is still quietly crying. MRS BIRLING has collapsed into a chair. as an effect of the Inspector as a dramatic device of Priestleys creation to leave the reader captivated within the play and eager to uncover the truth. On the other hand An Inspector Calls can also be categorised as a morality story due to the depiction of the seven deadly sins fused into each character. .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c , .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c .postImageUrl , .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c , .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c:hover , .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c:visited , .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c:active { border:0!important; } .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c:active , .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9d058494b57ef0555034a8c1a4b68f1c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Journey's End EssayMost morality plays have a leading character who represents either humanity as a whole (Inspector Goole/voice of Priestley) or an entire class (upper class the Birlings, working class-Eva Smith). What also adds to the impact of Priestleys play is the fact that it was written before both world wars and before the Titanic sank which creates irony when Mr Birling comments, The Germans dont want war. Nobody wants war. From this we can tell that Mr Birling talks far too much, he is also very foolish and ignorant. The audience at that time would be very irritated at Mr Birlings comments as they have been through tormenting ordeals. As it is ironic Priestley can relate to the reader making the story more intriguing. The play opens with the Birling family enjoying their celebration it is thought that they are quite pleasant, however as Mr Birling is caught up in the moment he blurts out his true motives for the marriage of Gerald and his daughter, when Crofts and Birlings are no longer competing but are working together-for lower costs and higher prices implying that the engagement was all a business deal. It also shows that Mr Birling is greedy and selfish wanting more profit for lower wages. After a toast and some drinks, as if the Birling family have sensed Inspector Gooles presence their mood changes dramatically. Inspector Gooles character is very blunt and also has a sense of massiveness which creates authority and influence in the response of the Birlings and forces them to confess their mistake from which we can identify their flaws, Why should you do any protesting? It was you who turned the girl out in the first place, the Inspector here is telling Mr Birling off with powerful sentences clearly shows his dislike for their behaviour. He only uses this power over Mr Birling and Mrs Birling, whereas he treats Sheila, Gerald and Eric in a more pleasant manner however he still not lenient to any character, each of you helped to kill her. Inspector Goole confronts the Birlings trying to make them realise how much havoc they have caused and it is not enough to apologise or offer money although it shows what a capitalist Birling is when he states, Look, Inspector-Id give thousands yes, thousands. The only possible apology that comes anywhere near to reasonable is if the Birlings repent and change their ways and obviously from the above quote Mr Birling is showing no signs of this what so ever as he assumes everything can be bought with money which simply is not true. In addition although some of the Inspectors comments are out of order as an official as he says, I think you did something terribly wrong and youre going to spend the rest of your life regretting it, this is not appropriate because the Inspector has no hard evidence that the Birlings are to blame and also hypothetically he is to be non biased and also maintain a calm tone. But as the reader knows there is a mystery waiting to be solved and that the Birlings are being very stubborn about how much information they reveal, so the Inspectors actions could be thought to be acceptable. However if we relate to modern society police officer, even if they are sure that they know the suspect has committed the offence under no circumstances can they suggest their views as this is not professional. Not only that but because the Inspector beforehand knows the Birlings history from which they can not hide. So this gives an eerie touch to the inspectors personality and leaves the readers trying to figure out who the inspector maybe in disguise. The eerie effect links to the Inspectors name Goole which is a pun on ghoul suggesting that he may be a ghost in human form which is a dramatic device used to make the reader suspicious and want to know the truth.

QUANTUM MATTER TELEPORTER Essays - Physics, Quantum Mechanics

QUANTUM MATTER TELEPORTER Essays - Physics, Quantum Mechanics QUANTUM MATTER TELEPORTER Today's society utilizes the car as the universal mode of transportation. The vehicle has developed radically in the past century and is now a household item. The modern family uses the car for all its basic needs, from long distance transportation to a drive to the local park. Other various fossil fuel powered vehicles are also utilized for transportation of goods and carry out various services. The car however raises the problem of over-congestion and instead of speeding travel, slows it down. With the rising population, this problem only grows, especially in highly urbanized cities. Traffic results in rampant accidents and is a major hindrance to the work that needs to be done, as it is suddenly impeded by an abrupt stop. Additionally, the car and other present day vehicles utilize fossil fuels. The use of these and burning of these leads to rampant pollution of the air. The green house gasses like methane and carbon dioxide that are released only serve to further deteriorate the ozone layer and increase global warming. In fact, transportation is one of the leading carbon producers , contributing up to 25% of total emissions according to the EPA . This problem, while not limited to transportation, is greatly increased by it. Another flaw of today's vehicles is that they require a path or medium of travel. All terrestrial vehicles need roads to be constructed for them, often taking up large swathes of land just for them to travel. All maritime vehicles need water , it defines them and how they move. Jets require the presence of radio towers to signal where they land, not to mention requiring terminals and runways to be built. These requirements to even use these vehicles take up useful space that could have been utilized for other infrastructures such as homes, buildings of service, etc. While progress has been made to combat the other flaws of conventional vehicles, they still all have the major flaw of requiring time. All the vehicles of today need us to wait hours, or even days to get to our destination. With the compiled problem of heavy traffic this situation does not seem as if it will ever improve with the continued use of cars. Teleportation has long since been a matter of science fiction. The ability to travel to places without bearing any of the difficulties of the conventional vehicle. Teleportation as a universal mode of transportation would firstly, remove the traffic that is so often the main defect of cars. Secondly, the use of teleportation over the use of fossil fuel powered cars reduces the amount of carbon emissions produced by transportation drastically. Thirdly, teleportation, theoretically, would not require a medium of travel. Quantum teleportation at an optimum would not require any other communication medium, and at a more practical rate would require fiber cables, a technology more utilizable, less limited, and not as bulky as roads, airports and bodies of water. It would also be far faster than any other mechanical means of transportation. It could teleport you thousands or millions of kilometers away in nanoseconds. This technology may seem like science fiction, but the technology to do this with base particles like photons and leptons exists today, and technology to apply this to quarks, the base parts of atoms, is theoretically very possible. In order to understand its workings, we must first know a bit of quantum mechanics. In everyday classical mechanics, everything is determined. A particle is here or there, the ball is rolling or still. But in quantum mechanics, objects can be in what is called a superposition wherein it can be in multiple states until observed. To demon strate this, Erwin Schrodinger once famously proposed a thought experiment with a cat that goes as such; suppose you have a cat in a box with poison that will release 50% of the time. You only know the cat is alive or dead after observation. Now we can apply this to subatomic particles. All fundamental particles have a property called spin, which is to say they have angular momentum and an orientation in space. Now since we do not know the spin of the particles before measurement the

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 3

Law - Essay Example 541). It effectively allows individuals to challenge actions by Member States or the EU institutions through the ECJ but obtain an effective remedy from his national court. Article 234 also provides guidance on what national courts should do in the event that an individual seeks to invoke his/her Community rights in order to challenge national law. This is necessary because In most Member States concepts of sovereignty prohibit challenge to the legality of statute or, a fortiori, constitutional law. Furthermore, in most Member States there are lacunae, gaps in the legal protection of individuals, arising from traditional privileges and immunities. Sometimes these limitations are justified, sometimes they are not. (Steiner & Woods, 2003, p. 130) An EC decision is ‘binding in its entirety upon those to which it is addressed’ (Article 249). Italy therefore must implement the decision. Whilst EC decisions are not described as being ‘directly applicable’ they can be ‘directly effective’ (vis-Ã  -vis the State and the individual) provided the criteria for direct effects are satisfied: Grad v Finanzamt Traustein (case 9/70). Therefore Maria will have a remedy against her employer provided it is an ‘organ of the state’ and she can establish her allegations of unfair treatment. (2) Where such a question is raised before any court or tribunal of a Member State, that court or tribunal may, if it considers that a decision on the question is necessary to enable it to give judgment, request the Court of Justice to give a ruling thereon. (3) Where any such question is raised in a case pending before a court or tribunal of a Member State, against whose decisions there is no judicial remedy under national law, that court or tribunal shall bring the matter before the Court of Justice. There are a number of points to note from the Article. Only a court or a tribunal may

Marketing Plan Development Blog Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Marketing Plan Development Blog - Assignment Example The installation of efficient telecommunication system at the companys offices ensures that even at night, the machine generated reply is sent to the consumer. It assures him/ her that the responsible personnel will attend to the inquiry when they report to work. The company also has its own suppliers and has leased out quarries for obtaining its raw materials. This ensures all times the supply be less than the demand. As a result of a pre-arranged deal with the suppliers, the production costs are low for the company translating to a pocket friendly cost of the same to the consumers (Valentin, 2004). With low prices, the company can be competitive in the market. Due to the businesss young age, it becomes difficult to acquire loans and other financial assistance from financial institutions(Valentin, 2004). The requirement by these facilities requiring a certain cash flow for a company to be eligible for such services has hindered the growth of the company. It has resulted in the company losing out on big tenders requiring large capital to facilitate the consumer needs. The increase in mortgage offers and good financial times in the country has resulted in a boom, in the real estate sector. Thus with enough resources and efficient services it will be easier to acquire new markets for the products being offered by the company such as sand and gravel plus the offer on transportation of the same to the construction site. The external factors that threaten the success and future of the company among others include political and legal interference by third parties(Valentin, 2004). The government has set up environmental agencies that have become critical of open quarries being left after mining. Thus, it has been gazette that such sites be filled after the quarrying seizes subjecting the company to additional operation costs. Another threat is the emergence of other construction trucking companies which have flooded

Impact of Drinking Whilst Pregnant

Impact of Drinking Whilst Pregnant Samantha McKenna To what extent does drinking alcohol while pregnant affect the life of an unborn child? â€Å"In Australia, alcohol is responsible for a considerable burden of death, disease and injury† (Alcohol guidelines: reducing the health risks, 2015). â€Å"The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare report that 38% of Australian women consume 3 or more drinks per day† (Pyettfor, 2007). Thorough research has shown that there are many biological impacts on the fetus caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy, which result in further impacts placed upon them as they go through life. Consuming any sort of alcohol while pregnant, including beer, wine and spirits, are all linked to the cause of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) (Womens and Childrens Health Network, 2014). Biological impacts Alcohol affects a fetus as the harmful substances can pass the placental barrier. This can occur very quickly because a fetus is nourished by the mother’s bloodstream, which results in the baby having the same alcohol blood levels as the mother (British Columbia Ministry of Education, 2010). Prenatal Alcohol exposure can affect the way a baby develops during all stages of the pregnancy, which can lead to biological anomalies for the child which effects are continuous (British Columbia Ministry of Education, 2010). Abnormalities in the fetus can include problems in the central nervous system, growth deficiency and abnormal facial characteristics, all as a result of alcohol consumption during pregnancy (Webb, 1991). This is because the development of the baby’s cells and organs can be disturbed. In particular, growth and development of the head are a common result of FASD. A person with FASD can have a smooth philtrum (no groove between upper lip and nose), a thin upper l ip and a small eye opening (Telethon Kids, 2011). An interview conducted with a midwife who wishes to remain anonymous has seen the effects of FASD firsthand, also supports this theory regarding the facial features of a person with FASD (Anonymous, 2015). There is also mild to severe brain developmental delays due to abnormalities in the brain cells (Jean, 2012). The cells are affected because â€Å"alcohol is so small in size so it can enter the developing cells and change the growth and migration of the cells, which reduces the number of pathways or connectors and alter the neurochemistry of the cells† (National Organisation for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, 2013). This can produce permanent brain damage. The damage caused by the alcohol exposure results in problems with storing and retrieving information, problem solving, focus and verbal memory, due to the brains corpus callosum being damaged (Robinson, 2013). Issues from the brains cerebellum being damaged also create problems with controlling movements, maintaining balance and fine motor skills (National Organisation for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, 2013). There are also possible heart damages (which are particular in the ventricular septum), low birth weight, geni tal defects, kidney problems and cerebral palsy. As well as limb anomalies such as curved little fingers, extra fingers or toes, or additional creases in hand (Telethon Kids, 2011). Some babies who are exposed to very high levels of alcohol as a fetus can possibly die due to the prenatal exposure (Womens and Childrens Health Network, 2014). â€Å"Data suggests that for every 10g of alcohol taken in daily during pregnancy the risk of developmental anomalies rises by 1.7% and fetal growth is reduced by 1% â€Å" (Cornwell, 1993). Although there is no safe amount of alcohol to drink, the more consumed the higher the risk will be any of the above effects impacting the child. Figure 1 shows how the damages to the brain compare to a brain with no prenatal alcohol damage. This shows the extent of how much damage occurs to the brain from alcohol consumption and how evident it is when compared to a brain not exposed to alcohol. Figure 1- brain scans showing the difference between two 6 week old babies brains. (FASlink, 2014). Social and behavioural impacts As stated above the consumption of alcohol while pregnant results in many biological impacts on the fetus; however, this also results in a range of social and behavioural issues on a child with FASD. As a consequence from the biological damages, this can result in the child’s difficulty in planning, setting goals, being on time and complying with legal obligations. Other complications can possibly include; issues at school, multiple foster care placements, reduced self esteem and depression, inappropriate sexual behaviour, inability to live independently, unemployment, poverty (Telethon Kids, 2011). â€Å"Often people who are born with FASD will show no outward signs and they may be misjudged for inappropriate actions, which can then be interpreted as bad behaviour† (Provicial Outreach Program for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, 2013), whilst the real cause is the unfortunate brain damage. FASD children, or adults, have ‘challenging behaviour’s’; as their actions seem impulsive, defiant or poorly thought out, and it is evident they struggle socially as they have difficulty making friends (FASD Characteristics across the Lifespan). People with FASD struggle linking their actions to possible outcomes, predicting outcomes, generalizing information, staying still, paying attention, have poor memory and language, and uneven maturation (Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, 2009). All of these conditions may not be noticed or observable as a baby and â€Å"only noticed when the child reaches school age, where the child’s behaviour and learning difficulties are problematic† (Pyettfor, 2007). Professor Elliot, the Professor of Pediatrics and Child Health at the University of Sydney supports these findings as she states â€Å"At the end of the day these children have problems with learning, behaviour and developmental growth†. Sue Miers also supports this theory as she says her daughter who has FASD â€Å" could not learn from her mistakes†. Her daughter is now 30 and still requires ongoing support (Jean, 2012). According to the Australian Journal of Advanced nursing, â€Å"pregnant women who are know to use illicit drugs face consequences that can include sometimes removal of children following birth† (Miles). This shows how alcohol consumption during pregnancy can have a great impact on the child, not only biologically, but also socially due to behavioural characteristics that last throughout their whole life. Prevalence of disorders Many surveys have been completed within Australia to measure the prevalence of disorders of FASD and the percentage of women who drink alcohol while pregnant. â€Å"A 2014 Australian survey estimates of people with FASD arrays from 0.006 to 0.068 per 1,000 live births† (Callinan, 2014). Another survey found that 81% of the participants of the survey reported to drinking alcohol during pregnancy, and 0.2% of the sample drank more than 20 units of alcohol a week. As well as 71% of the sample reporting 0 to 5 units per week (Callinan, 2014). Studies also show that younger women are more likely to stop drinking alcohol when they are aware of their pregnancy but are more likely to drink prior to their knowledge of the pregnancy (Breen, 2013). Another survey conducted by researchers found that 37.6% of the 1,633 women surveyed had consumed alcohol while pregnant during 2003-2004 (Callinan, 2014). This research also shows that younger women haven been exposed to different and more information on the pressures of drinking while pregnant than older women, resulting in a lower prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy by younger women. A respondent by an individual who participated a survey produced for this research supports this theory. Respondent 9 wrote about being pregnant 39 years ago and how people were unaware of the dangers of drinking alcohol during pregnancy during that time, as she is currently 69 years old, â€Å"there were no warnings that come to mind about â€Å"drinking alcohol† while pregnant† (FASD community survey, respondent 9, 2015). The graph pasted below (figure 2) also presents the decrease in women’s alcohol consumption from 2001 to 2007. In 2001 44% of the surveyed women drank whilst pregnant, in 2004 33% reported drinking, and in 2007 only 25% of the women reported alcohol consumption while pregnant. It also shows in 2010 49% of the women drank prior to their knowledge of pregnancy, but only 20% of the women drank once they were aware of there pregnancy (Callinan, 2014). (Callinan, 2014). Strategies implemented to reduce disorders As there is no cure for FASD, many prevention strategies are put into place in order to reduce the risk and prevalence of FASD and to stop women from drinking alcohol at risky levels during pregnancy, as well as plans to help the children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure. The Australian Government as well as local communities have implemented strategies to reduce the impact of FASD. The Government scheme was introduced in 2013, which will last to 2017. The aim of this plan is stated below: Enhancing efforts to prevent FASD Secondary prevention targeting women with alcohol dependency Diagnosis and management Targeted measures supporting prevention and management of FASD within Indigenous communities and families in areas of social disadvantage National coordination, research and workforce support (Australian Department of Health, 2014). Australian institutes have also produced prevention advertisements in order to educate the community and publicize the effects of FASD, as seen below (figure 3). Figure 3: (FASD prevention, 2010) In 2007, The Marulu strategy has also been implemented into the community of Fitzroy, WA, which has high rates of alcohol use. The Marulu strategy tactics are; prevention through education, diagnosis, treatment, and support (Variety Charity, 2003). The Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation created the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Project in 2011. This projects aim is to raise awareness, educate, prevent and support children with FASD (National Organisation for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder). Even though government strategies are implemented, these local projects are also essential for rural areas to become educated in the problem. Opinions of drinking alcohol while pregnant on mothers within society A survey conducted for the purpose of this research uncovered the opinion that women in Kensington Park, Adelaide, have on drinking alcohol while pregnant. The survey was completed by mothers in the community, due to the respondents needing to be women who have had children. Although, it was difficult to receive a large quantity of replies. 16 replies were collected and the context in each were of great standard, providing a strong understanding on their opinions of drinking alcohol whilst pregnant and the knowledge they obtained regarding this issue. Out of the 16 replies, 75% of respondents believed that no alcohol was an appropriate amount to be consumed during pregnancy, as they understood the possible risks (FASD community Survey, 2015). The other 25% stated they understood the risks but believe a small amount of alcohol during pregnancy was fine to consume (FASD community survey, 2015) (see appendix for further evidence). Keeping in mind if this survey were to be conducted in a different suburb (e.g. with a lower socio-economic status) the results may vary. To conclude, there is much scientific research and evidence to support the negative outcomes of drinking throughout pregnancy as it has a potentially detrimental effect on the life of an unborn child. As addressed above, the biological impacts such as cell migration that effects the overall development of the child’s brain and significantly affects the life of the child. Facial anomalies are also evident with prenatal alcohol exposure. The potential significant brain damage is the cause of unintentional negative social and behavioural effects on the child that affects them for their whole life. The statistics which state the prevalence of disorders and women who drink alcohol during pregnancy supports, along with the opinions women have towards drinking alcohol, supports how damaging this condition can have on the community and child as it’s a serious disorder which is not publicized to the community as often as it should. As stated above, a mother drinking alcohol whil e pregnant has a very large effect on the life of the child exposed physically, biologically, socially and behaviourally. Reference List Secondary sources- Alcohol guidelines: reducing the health risks. (2015, March 24). (A. Government, Producer) Retrieved April 10, 2015, from National Health and Medical Research: http://nhmrc.gov.au/health-topics/alcohol-guidelines Australian Department of Health. (2014). Responding to the impact of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in Australia. Retrieved March 28, 2015, from Australian Government Department of Health: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/0FD6C7C289CD31C9CA257BF0001F96BD/$File/FASD%20-%20Commonwealth%20Action%20Plan%20MAY%202014%20(D14-1125690).pdf Breen, D. L. (2013). Its time to have the conversation: Understanding the treatment needs of women who are pregnant and alcohol dependent. NSW, Australia: University of New South Wales. British Columbia Ministry of Education. (2010). Alcohol effects on the developing brain. Retrieved Feburary 25, 2015, from FASDoutreach: http://www.fasdoutreach.ca/elearning/understanding-fasd/alcohol-effects-developing-brain Callinan, S. (2014, March 17). Trends in alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Australia 2001-2010. Cornwell, A. (1993). Drugs, Alcohol and Mental Health (Vol. 2). Cambridge, Great Britain: Cambridge University Press. FASD Characteristics across the Lifespan. (n.d.). Retrieved April 2, 2015, from nofasd Australia: www.nofasd.org.au/_/FASD_-_Characteristics_across_the_Lifespan FASD prevention. (2010, October 1). Wallet Card: Say No to Alcohol When You Are Pregnant. Retrieved April 1, 2015, from Girls, Women, Alcohol and Pregnancy: https://fasdprevention.wordpress.com/2010/10/01/wallet-card-say-no-to-alcohol-when-you-are-pregnant/ FASlink. (2014). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Retrieved March 31, 2015, from FASlink: http://www.faslink.org/fasmain.htm Jean, P. (2012, September 12). Alcohol in pregnancy warnings. Canberra times . Miles, M. Challenges for midwives: pregnant women and illicit drug use (Vol. 1). Adelaide, SA, Australia: Australian Journal of advanced nursing. National Organisation for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. (n.d.). Current FASD projects. Retrieved March 25, 2015, from National Organisation for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: http://www.nofasd.org.au/research-library/current-fasd-projects National Organisation for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. (2013). What is FASD? Retrieved March 25, 2015, from National Organisation for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Australia: http://nofasd.org.au/resources/what-is-fasd-1 Provicial Outreach Program for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. (2013). What is FASD? Retrieved March 3, 2014, from Provicial Outreach Program for Fetal ALcohol Spectrum Disorder: https://www.fasdoutreach.ca/elearning/understanding-fasd/what-is-fasd Pyettfor, P. (2007). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A literature review for the Healthy pregnancies, Healthy Babies for Koor Communities Project. Melbourne, VIC, Australia: State of VIctoria . Robinson, M. (2013). How the first 9 months shape the rest of our lives. Australian Psychologist , 239-245. Telethon Institute for Child Health Research. (2009). Alcohol and Pregnancy and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A resource for Health Professionals (Vol. 1). Perth, WA, Australia: Telethon Institute for Child Health Research. Telethon Kids. (2011). Alcohol, Pregnancy, FASD. Retrieved March 31, 2015, from Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: http://alcoholpregnancy.telethonkids.org.au/understanding-fasd/what-is-fasd/ Variety Charity. (2003). Supporting the Marulu Strategy . Retrieved March 25, 2015, from Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cegTvwWJjpY#action=share> Webb, I. (1991). Alcohol. Essex, Englans: Hodder Wayland. Womens and Childrens Health Network. (2014). Pregnancy and Alcohol- risks and effects on the developing baby. Retrieved March 31, 2015, from Womens and Childrens Health Network: http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=114np=122id=1950 Primary sources Anonymous midwife. (2015, March 20). FASD interview. (S. McKenna, Interviewer) Adelaide, SA, Australia. FASD Community Survey, 2015. Appendix Some of the replies to â€Å"What is your personal opinion on drinking alcohol while pregnant? Do you think it’s acceptable to an extent? Why?† (FASD community survey, respondent 14, 9, 13, 4, 2015)

My Brother Sam Is Dead Essay -- essays research papers

My Brother Sam is Dead Author: by James Lincoln Collier and Christopher Collier Category: Historical Fiction Summary: It starts out in the 1770's during the Revolution War and Samuel Meeker or Sam for short just interred the room of the tavern and he chimes in to everybody who is waiting to eat, he comes in saying where beating the Lobster Backs. His father, Eliphalet Meeker but called Life for short, starts arguing with son. After a while they calmed down and change the subject. Finally Tim Meeker or sometimes called Timmy, the narrator and one of the main two character's of the story in the story goes out to the barn to milk the cow Old Pru. Witches are one of his daily chores and ask Sam to join him. While Tim is milking Old Pru he's talking to Sam about how has he been lately and what is he doing back at home. And Sam tells him truth why he is back at home, and it's to get the Brown Bess. Which is the family's gun and Tim swears that he can't tell Mom or Dad. Well in the morning when Sam try's to get the Brown Bess his father catches him and they get big fight whether he's going to fight the British or not and finally his dad throws him out the house. While the Meeker's are at Church, Sam goo's back to the Tavern, where his family lives and work's and he stills the Brown Bess. Well later on the Rebel's or the patriot's or now called the American's. Went threw the town of Redding. Which is where the Meeker's live. They where going door to door. Taking peoples guns and goods. When they came to the Tavern they where demanding for there gun. They wouldn't believe that there son stole it and took it with him to the Rebel's camp and they wouldn't believe him cause it was Tori territory and that they where threatening to kill Life if they didn't give them there gun. Then Tim ran out the door and he ran to go get Colonel Read. Since he knew that Sam was a Rebel and colonel read was a colonel for the Rebel's, but when he got to where he was he saw Sam with the Gun sleeping with it. Then he snatched it and started running back to his house and when he was half way there Sam woken up and was yelling him to stop but he wouldn't stop, but since Sam was older and bigger he caught Tim right as they reach the town of Redding. Then Tim had to explain what had happen and Sam didn't want to go back but he went with Tim just in cas... ... was a well written book it was very detail and good storywriter but the end didn't have a big enough bain. Like it just made it like a dull ending but all the way up to where Tim goes crazy on the Rebel's. He also kind of fueled you which is kinda good when u first read this tittle you think the British killed Sam when it was Rebel's. what kinda sucked about it is that they dragged out to the end. which made you know what's going to happen when ending came. that's why it was so dull cause I was on the last page and Sam still hasn't been killed yet so I knew right away what was going to happen. Recommendations: I would recommend this if you want to study the sight affects of the war. but if your like me and you're proud to be an American, Patriot, or a Rebel then I wouldn't read this it talks about how bad it was for the Rebel's to go war for no good reason. When in fact it was cause later we became the greatest country in the whole wide world. Everything about this country is so much better than anything else so that's why IM proud to be an American. Copyrights: 1974 to James Lincoln Collier and Christopher Collier. # of Pages: 211 pages including the Epilogue

I didn’t do it! †Fear In The Crucible Essay

â€Å"Fear is simply the consequence of every lie†~Fyodor Dostoyevski. Dostoyevski explains that fear and lying come hand to hand. Telling lies creates a fear of being discovered having told a lie. In addition, one only conjures a lie if there is something to hide. Therefore the discovery of secrets also induces fear. Fear, whether it be fear of life, or reputation, can heavily influence the actions of society. It possess the ability to impair the judgement and actions of people. Similarly, in The Crucible by Arthur Miller, the townspeople are completely ruled by fear. This fear is mainly caused by the strict punishments given to those who violate Puritan morals. It also brings along a sense that one must protect his own life and interests. This need for self-preservation leads to widespread denial and in some cases, even the accusation of others. Governed by the terror of Puritanical law, the townspeople learn to fear its consequences and become quick to deny and accuse other s of witchcraft to save themselves, which ultimately leads to the tragic death of innocent citizens Throughout the play, a stifling atmosphere of fear lingers over Salem. This apprehension is caused by the ever-growing possibility of being accused of witchcraft. During this period, even the mentioning of the word â€Å"witchcraft† struck a chord of uneasiness into people. Punishment for this crime was severe and â€Å"a hanging error† (18). Witchcraft is closely associated with hanging and being accused meant one is on his way to death. In addition, witchcraft, according to Judge Danforth, is considered â€Å"ipso facto, on its face and by its nature, an invisible crime†(100). Only â€Å"the witch and the victim† (100) may bear witness to the crime and â€Å"we must rely upon the victims [to] [†¦] testify†(100). The victims, in this case, are the children. Consequently, with such an unjust method of court, the townspeople’s fears are further augmented. Not only do they fear being accused, they fear that their lives will merely become a switch that a few children can turn on or off at a whim. Furthermore, they are intimidated by the judge, Danforth. â€Å"Near to four hundred are in the jails and seventy-two [are] condemned to hang by [his] signature† (87). His power as a judge allows him to essentially kill people with a flick on his pen and the facility to which he does so is terrifying. Therefore it is hardly  surprising that rampant terror resides in the village. Also, the accusation of witchcraft brings one’s reputation into perspective. The fear of having one’s reputation damaged is another key contributor to the village’s overall uneasiness. In the entirety of the play, Parris is paranoid that being associated with witchcraft in any form will deteriorate his position as a reverend. He fears that â€Å"there is a faction that is sworn to drive [him] from his pulpit† (10) and that people may â€Å"compromise [his] very character† (11) if his â€Å"own household is discovered to be the very center of some obscene practice† (11). In addition, John Proctor not only exhibits fear for his reputation, but fear for his life as well. Proctor fears for his own life because he had an affair with Abigail. Lechery was punishable by hanging. In addition, if others discover his affair, it will dishonor his name. As a result of the strict laws imposed on Puritan society, fear finds its way into Salem, filling every possible aspect of life and leaving no crack overlooked. With nowhere to hide from this terror, the inhabitants of Salem are forced to find refuge in their lies instead. A fear for existence causes the townsfolk to instinctively prioritize their own well being in an attempt for self preservation. This sense of self preservation naturally induces widespread lying and denial as the townspeople desperately struggle to maintain their own interests, whether they be life or reputation. Being affiliated with witchcraft automatically threatened one’s life and status. Reverend Parris, being the religious leader of Salem, is expected to uphold Puritan ethic, and be an example for the rest of the town. However when his â€Å"daughter and niece [are] discovered dancing like heathen in the forest† (10), he fears that his reputation is brought into question because he thinks, that people â€Å"will howl [him] out of Salem for such corruption in [his] house† (14). As a result, when the suspicion of witchery comes up, Parris instantly dismisses it and â€Å"pray[s] leap not to witchcraft† (14). Parris’s role as minister means that any association of his that has anything to do with witchcraft is a threat to the security of his position and it is shown that he is quick to deny it. Likewise, Abigail and the girls are trapped in a dilemma. After being discovered summoning charms, they find themselves hounded into a corner by the suspicions that are laid upon them. She and the girls lie about their  witchcraft in the woods in an attempt for self-preservation, â€Å"Why–common dancing is all† (42). Because calling the Devil is hanging crime, the children deny their witchcraft and claim to have danced in order to lessen their punishment which is another example of preserving oneself. John Proctor is another character whose lying is induced by his life threatening secrets. As he once said, â€Å"there are them that will swear to anything before they’ll hang† (69). Both him and Abigail abide by this precept. In Proctor’s case he denies his former relationship with Abby because it ruins his image in his wife’s eyes and because it is lechery. He tells Abby to â€Å"wipe it out of mind† and claims that â€Å"we never touched† (23). By denying their affair, it is shown that Proctor fears the consequences that may arise and possesses an innate sense of self-preservation. Abigail on the other hand, goes to even greater lengths to protect herself from the harsh penalties of the law. Her need for self preservation is so strong, that she even lies to the judge, denying that she had an affair with Proctor and that she was previously pretending in court. When Abigail is asked to confirm her affair with Proctor, she threatens Danforth saying, â€Å"If I must answer that, I will leave and I will not come back again!† (111). This demonstrates that Abigail is aware of her actions but will not admit it for doing so will mark her as a perpetrator of innocent murder. In addition, her denial is influenced by the risk of death by lying to the court. It is evident that the widespread fear in this society is a driving force that compels the characters to behave in ways that will protect their status and lives. However, this denial becomes an issue when others are dragged into the fire. When denial does not sufficiently channel away the suspicions laid upon them, some characters go so far as to accuse others. This leads to undesirable consequences, such as the loss of many innocent lives, that soon become unstoppable. Mary Warren is one of many characters who point fingers to others in order to save themselves. Characterized as an unsteady, and unconfident person, Mary is easily overcome by the fear of execution. During her testimony to the court, Proctor’s plan to prove Abigail as a witch goes terribly wrong. Rather than rhaving Abigail accused, Danforth charges Mary with lying to the court and she suddenly finds that she has become the victim. As a result, she blames Proctor, â€Å"You’re the Devil’s man! I’ll not  hang with you! [†¦] you come at me by night and every day to sign [†¦] The Devil’s book† (118). This shows that after being overwhelmed with fear, Mary’s anxiety explodes and she decides to ac cuse the very person who dragged her into court in an attempt to free herself from the spotlight. Consequently, John Proctor, a man innocent of witchcraft is hung. More crucial however, are the accusations made by the children. Led by Abigail, the children, at first, pretend to be bewitched because it was considered sport. They soon learn that by doing so, they are exempt from witchcraft as they are considered ‘God’s fingers’. By taking this position, the girls free themselves from accusation and all suspicion which is the ideal position to be in. During Mary’s testimony, Danforth becomes increasingly convinced that she is telling the truth. This places more suspicion on Abigail and the girls. As a result, they resort to accusing Mary Warren of sending her spirit out to them, â€Å"Mary, do you send this shadow on me?† (109). In another instance, while the girls are being questioned about who they saw with the Devil, they proceed to chant out the names of random townsfolk, â€Å"I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil! I saw George Jacobs with the Devil! I saw Goody Howe with the Devil† (48). Furthermore, Abigail herself, partakes in these accusations even while she is outside of court. When Hale presses her with questions relating to her witchcraft, her slave enters â€Å"and instantly Abigail points at Tituba† saying, â€Å"She made me do it! She made Betty do it!† (43). Again, Abigail frames someone in order to save her own life. With the blame now in Tituba, she, in return, claimed she saw Goody Good and Goody Osburn with the Devil. These repeated accusations continue unchecked and soon, the entire town is enveloped with an atmosphere of fear. These false accusations also cause the trials to be prolonged. Because of all these accusations, more and more people are sent to court. With the corrupt children as juries, more and more are sentenced to the grave. The extent to which the townspeople go to in order to save themselves ultimately results in widespread injustice and executions. For the entirety of the play, the townspeople are smothered with an ever-growing atmosphere of fear. With its cold judges, corrupted juries, and severe punishments, it is not surprising that such an element of fear was present in Salem. In return, the people develop an instinct for self  preservation which requires denial to achieve. However, such widespread denial and lies result in unchecked accusations. These accusations are often carried through and the fear of death soon spreads. Therefore a never ending cycle of terror is the outcome and the town ultimately gives way to chaos.